Adopting different wind-assisted ship propulsion technologies as fleet retrofit: An agent-based modeling approach

The maritime shipping industry will increasingly switch to low carbon fuels and adopt energy saving technologies (ESTs) achieve the target of decarbonization. Among ESTs, deck equipment, including those based on wind propulsion (WPTs), represents largest potential fuel savings a source increasing innovation initiatives by actors. Previous contributions WPT have addressed barriers drivers for increased adoption in but failed consider specific aspects fleet retrofitting market. Through an agent-based simulation model, this work studies effects different policy market scenarios (subsidies, prices, networking) solutions. proposed model incorporates two decision steps each vessel technology (acquiring awareness technology, utility process determine option). study also expands previous knowledge modeling three options integrating real world data costs their as well features. Insights from simulations allow identify most convenient policies alternative models reduce introduction (e.g., product-service business models).